University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China.Many cases of novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) have confirmed in many countries around the world. Due to the disorders of the immune system, diabetic patients are more likely to suffer from severe COVID-19. Glucagon-like peptide 1 analogues (GLP-1 analogues) commonly can be used to reduce blood sugar. There is no clear evidence that it can be safely and effectively used in patients with diabetes merged severe COVID-19. In this case, we described A 65-year-old male with hypertension and diabetes was diagnosed with severe COVID-19, he took liraglutide at doses ranging from 0 to 1 mg. Before admission, liraglutide was not used to reduce blood glucose. Hydroxychloroquine sulfate and abidol were used to antivirus and supportive treatment were used simultaneously during hospitalization. During semaglutide , the patient's own state was paid attention to, and blood glucose, liver function, kidney function, white blood cells, lymphocytes and other indicators were checked and chest CT was reviewed regularly, which could reflect changes in disease. After treatment, the patient's blood glucose was under control, and his liver function, renal function, white blood cells, lymphocytes and other indicators were normal and chest CT also improved. The case showed that liraglutide may be effective and safe used in patients with severe COVID-19 combined with type 2 diabetes, but Adherence and persistence in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus newly initiating canagliflozin, dapagliflozin, dpp-4s, or glp-1s in the United States.OBJECTIVE: Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors were first approved in the US in 2013; therefore, real-world (RW) studies describing outcomes are limited. This retrospective study evaluated adherence and persistence among patients initiating canagliflozin (CANA), dapagliflozin (DAPA), GLP-1 agonists (GLP-1s), and DPP-4 inhibitors (DPP-4s) over a 12-month follow-up from a US managed care METHODS: Patients newly initiating CANA, DAPA, GLP-1s, or DPP-4s from February 1, 2014-June 30, 2014 were identified from the QuintilesIMS PharMetrics Plus Database. The first fill defined the index date/drug. Patients were required to have a T2DM diagnosis (ICD-9-CM 250.x[0,2]) and ≥12 months of continuous enrollment pre- and post-index (follow-up). Main outcome measures were adherence (proportion of days covered, PDC; medication possession ratio, MPR) and persistence on index therapy. PDC or MPR ≥00 was considered adherent. Patients were considered persistent until evidence of discontinuation (gap ≥90 days between two subsequent index therapy prescriptions). Kaplan-Meier (KM) analysis assessed time to discontinuation, while a Cox proportional hazards model (PHM) evaluated risk of discontinuation. Logistic regression models evaluated the RESULTS: The final sample consisted of 23,702 patients (6,546 CANA, 3,087 DAPA, 6,273 GLP-1s, and 7,796 DPP-4s; 56% male, and mean [SD] age = 55 [9] years). Mean PDC ranged from 06 (GLP-1), to 01 (CANA), with 33-56% adherent, respectively; MPR results were similar. Pancreatic hormones and other blood sugar regulating drugs -two per cent (GLP-1) to 68% (CANA) were persistent over the follow-up. CANA patients had the longest time to discontinuation. In regression analyses, compared to CANA 100 mg, DAPA, DPP-4, and GLP-1 patients had a significantly higher likelihood of non-adherence and a significantly higher risk of discontinuation. CANA 300 mg patients had a significantly lower likelihood of non-adherence and a significantly lower risk of discontinuation compared to CANA 100 mg.CONCLUSIONS: Adherence and persistence were significantly better with CANA (100 mg and 300 mg) compared to DAPA, GLP-1s, and DPP-4s in the RW setting. Glucagon-like peptide-1 therapy and the exocrine pancreas: innocent bystander or 10152/ajpregu0090021. Epub 2021 Jul 14.Transient antibiotic-induced changes in the neonatal swine intestinal microbiota impact islet expression profiles reducing subsequent function.Neonatal antibiotics administered to human infants initiate gut microbiota dysbiosis that may have long-term effects on body weight and metabolism. We examined antibiotic-induced adaptations in pancreatic islets of the piglet, a well-accepted model of human infant microbiota and pancreas development. Neonatal piglets randomized to amoxicillin [30 mg/kg body wt/day; n = 7, antibiotic (ANTI)] or placebo [vehicle control; n = 7, control (CON)] from postnatal day (PND)0-13 were euthanized at PND7, 14, and 49. The metabolic phenotype along with functional, immunohistological, and transcriptional phenotypes of the pancreatic islets were studied. The gut microbiome was characterized by 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and microbial metabolites and microbiome-sensitive host molecules were measured. Compared with CON, ANTI PND7 piglets had elevated transcripts of genes involved in glucagon-like peptide 1 ((GLP-1) synthesis or signaling in islets (P < 05) coinciding with higher plasma GLP-1 (P = 01), along with increased tumor necrosis factor α (Tnf) (P < 05) and protegrin 1 (Npg1) (P < 05).
semaglutide|Pancreatic hormones and other blood sugar regulating drugs
